2009 Año internacional de las fibras naturales, problemática y tecnología de irradiación

Abstract

In recent years the synthetic fibers have displaced natural fibers, despite its advantages for the environment, the health and the food safety. FAO has chosen 2009 as the International Year of Natural Fibers. The idea is to encourage the production of natural fibers such as cotton, wool, alpaca, but a greater awareness to the production of natural fibers like cotton, this creates 2 problems, such as increased use of pesticides harmful to health, the environment and the resistance of pests to pesticides, this study analyzed the benefits of the technology of irradiation as an alternative to solve these problems, at both international and national, either by mutation induced by gamma radiation to obtain new improved varieties and pest control using irradiation as a quarantine treatment is a viable alternative crop as a measure to control pest insects or the Sterile Insect Technique, (SIT) for the eradication of pests, replacing harmful chemical fumigants for health and the environment. In Pakistan a cultivar of mutant cotton yield, induced by the use of gamma rays has contributed more than 3 000 million dollars. In Peru, IPEN is irradiated cotton seeds to obtain improved varieties, supporting the Association of Farmers of Cañete and University Pedro Ruiz Gallo of Lambayeque. Also with the technology of irradiation improves the quality of cotton products for medical use such as gauze, swabs and cosmetic brushes sterilization of fine fibers produced from animals. In alpaca fiber, IPEN also helps with the Cayetano Heredia University to improve the production of fine fiber. Irradiation technology creates new improved varieties to increase production of cotton or resist attack by pests, such as quarantine treatment plant and can solve problems through the sterile insect technique eliminates replacing pesticides pests harmful to health and the environment, increasing the quality of agro-exporting products.